A Short Literature review on “ AN INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED
CONTROVERSIAL AND BANNED ENGLISH FICTION”
|
Total numbers of Articles
referred |
Number of relevant articles |
|
|
57 |
3 |
|
|
104 |
8 |
|
|
64 |
3 |
|
|
3 |
1 |
|
|
178 |
2 |
|
|
118 |
5 |
|
|
4 |
1 |
|
|
528 |
23 |
|
References/ Titles and Author
names |
Research Focus |
Theory/Approach Used |
General Findings |
|
‘Wound and Loss In Naipaul’s India: A
Wounded Civilization and an Area of Darkness’
Author:
Babu Ram Khanal Date:
30/06/19 |
➢
Condition of India in
the post independent period ➢
Brutal effect of British Raj ➢
Illiteracy, ignorance
and poverty. ➢
Caste system
practiced in different communities |
➢ Travelogue ➢
Travel
Narrative ➢
Postcolonial
Approach |
It challenges the nationalist discourse
of India's progress.Demonstration of pain and multifaceted loss of India. This article contains Colonization, Globalization,
Invaders, Intellectuals, Mimicry. |
|
|
‘Heritage Politics of the Soul: Immigration and Identity in Salman
Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses’ Author:
Ashley Dawson Date:
2007 |
➢
British multiculturalism ➢
Equal rights for Muslims ➢
Freedom of expression |
➢ Historical and Political approach |
This chapter shows the immense protest of muslim towards the book,
the demonstration of religious laws that created the ban and emerged as a
highly controversial work of art. |
|
|
‘Religious Satire in Rushdie's "Satanic Verses" Author:
Hani Al-Raheb Date:
1995 |
➢ Secular humanist vision ➢
religious
satire ➢
Fantasy
literature |
➢ Magic Realism , Religious satire |
This article depicts Maximum of religious satire by fantasizing
people situations and historical events |
|
‘Rohinton
Mistry's Such a Long Journey: A Critical Study’
Author:
Santwana Haldar Date:
2006 |
➢ The author has presented the sordid and sad
story of the protagonist Gustad Noble who was the father of three children. ➢
Presented
the stark reality of our society and politics |
➢ Political satire, ➢ Migracy ➢
Diaspora
approach |
The novel ‘Such a Long Journey’ is a celebration of the travel
undertaken by life, its richness and buoyancy as well as cheerfulness of the
spirit of the people. |
|
‘Deconstructing LajjA as a Marker of Indian Womanhood’
Author:
Mala sinha and Vishal Chauhan Date:
12 june 2013 |
➢
Womanhood in modern India ➢
Issue of Fatwa ➢
Patriarchy and religion |
➢
Deconstruction
|
The Findings showed that natured
or denatured lajjA is represented
as a virtue, emotion or tool of manipulation, depending on how it plays out
in a particular situation. |
|
‘Language and the postcolonial city:
The case of Salman Rushdie’
Author:
Stuti Khanna Date:
21 september 2011 |
➢
Writing about the postcolonial city of
Bombay inflicts the language of Rushdie’s novels ➢
The complex, multilayered and
heterogeneous socio-economic fabric of the Third World postcolonial city |
➢ Postcolonial study |
The article proposes that a
productive analysis of language in Rushdie can be made by replacing the
unwieldy and diffuse category of Indian English with the more meaningful
contextualization provided by the category of Bombay English. |
2. Annotated Bibliography of selected works in alphabetical
order:
1.
‘Heritage Politics of the Soul: Immigration
and Identity in Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses’, Ashley Dawson, 2007 ,Tribhuvan University Journal, vol. 33, no. 1, June 2019, pp.
95-114,
In this article The demonstration was one of the most important
protests among British Muslim whose anger at the shortcomings of British
multiculturalism had been breving for most of the decade. People protesting
by Lifting banners urging for equal rights
for Muslims outside of the house of parliament to burn the book and this Extension of blasphemy law and voice support
for Salman Rashdie’s freedom of
expression. This protest after the book release shows the immense protest by
muslim towards the book and the demonstration of religious laws that created
the ban and emerged as a highly controversial work of art.
2.
Wound and
Loss In Naipaul’s India: A Wounded Civilization and an Area of Darkness, Babu Ram Khanal, 30/06/19 ,Mongrel Nation: Diasporic Culture and
the Making of Postcolonial Britain, University of Michigan Press, 2007, pp.
121–48. JSTOR
This article contains
elements such as Colonization,
Globalization, Invaders, Mimicry. The harsh Condition of India in the post
independent period challenges the nationalist discourse of India's progress.
The Demonstrations of Pain and
multifaceted loss of India by referring to the Brutal effect of the British
Raj. This book becomes the peace of hatred overnight by the Indians because the
naked realities are floating on the
pages of a book which attacks Illiteracy, ignorance, poverty, and the Caste system practiced in
different communities
3.
‘Religious Satire in Rushdie's "Satanic
Verses", Hani Al-Raheb, 1995,Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, vol. 6,
no. 4 (24), 1995, pp. 330–40. JSTOR
This article depicts the crux of religious satire by fantasizing
people's situations and historical events. It is also a big political satire on
democracy which points out Secular humanist vision of the nation. The personification
of religious characters in a satirical way made this book not only a fantasy
literature but it emerged as literature of
Magic Realism .
4.
Deconstructing LajjA as a Marker of Indian Womanhood, Mala sinha and Vishal
Chauhan,12 June 2013, Psychology and Developing
Societies, 25(1), 133–163.
This article has depicted
such a disruptive sense of Womanhood in modern India. The Issue of Fatwa was criticized Though portrayal of female characters as religious and patriarchy
which had subjugated in Bangladesh. Still today this work is seen as
highly Patriarchal and indirectly
attacking religion on the grounds of injustice with women. The Findings showed that natured or
denatured lajjA is represented as a
virtue, emotion or tool of manipulation, depending on how it plays out in a
particular situation.
5.
Rohinton
Mistry's Such a Long Journey: A Critical Study, Santwana Haldar, 2006, Asia Book Club, 2006.
Mistry’s Such a Long Journey
has been regarded as a landmark in the history of Indian fiction. The novel, overtly
sociopolitical, vividly depicts Bombay and the Parsi world. The present volume,
first of its kind, offers a critical and insightful commentary on this complex
novel.It also contains Subcontinent’s postcolonial
politics, humanism forms the background of the story, He explores
the potentialities of
humanism as a
process of searching
for identity through this travelog.
6.
Language
and the postcolonial city: The case of Salman Rushdie Author: Stuti Khanna, 21
September 2011,The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 46(3), 397–414.
The article proposes a
productive analysis of language in Rushdie’s satanic verses which can be made by replacing the unwieldy and
diffuse category of Indian English with the more meaningful contextualization
that provides the category English Writing about the postcolonial city of
Bombay . Bombay inflicts the language of
Rushdie’s novels containing the complex,
multilayered and heterogeneous socio-economic fabric depiction of Third World
postcolonial city.
If we take a bird eye view of
histories and religious, political conflicts of communities which perhaps can be seen as reasons for
banning or prohibiting in one and more
books . So here we can see In the book “Hidden Histories of Pakistan:
Censorship, Literature, and Secular Nationalism in Late Colonial India'' -
2021. The writer delves into how these left-leaning intellectuals drew from
long-standing literary traditions of Islam or Muslim in a period of great
duress and upheaval. Things which are written by somebody and overnight banned
by the government complicate our understanding of the relationship between
religion and secularism and raise questions for freedom of speech and democracy
throughout the nation. Our trajectory is to find how our banning or prohibiting
any work of art , media and films can be seen in present scenario and it is
interesting t o see how historical event and political upheavals referred still
controversial, by growing with the time , surrounded with new standards of
living how we go back and can study the roots of from where this problematizing
issues started happening.
The depiction of ‘ Fascism’ of
india in this book highly
disturbed the idea of human rights, so longer the demolition of ‘ Babri Masjid’
Was interwoven in this books , this event marked as black memory of Mob lyching
of minorities. It is interesting to out that
What different themes, contents, ideas and graphical depictions were
most frequently challenged or banned? Is there any relevance encountered to
perceptible shift that specific audience tends to recoil over time?
2) “Lajja”
( 1999) by Taslima Nasreen
This creates end numbers of religious protests, The hindu muslim
conflicts. This article ‘Heritage Politics of the Soul: Immigration and
Identity in Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses" by Ashley Dawson following the same consequences
of demolition of ‘ Babri Masjid’ community riots, religious protests, violence
and controversy of ‘Ftawa’. The Issue of Fatwa
was criticized again Though portrayal of female characters as religious
and patriarchy have subjugated in Bangladesh. In the article ‘Deconstructing LajjA as a Marker of Indian Womanhood’
by Mala sinha and Vishal Chauhan. Still today these works are seen
as how time and again such burning issues were never settled and keep being
controversial by different writers, characters and time. How far are we able to deconstruct the
theories which were made and literature written on any incident affecting our
research or literature review. The urge of researchers To establish an
in-depth study of banned literature as: Erasing perspectives and identities.
If we see The satanic verses by salman rashide we come to know that
what actually the controversial writing or burning piece of art looks
like, There is no novel more irreverent
than Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses (1988). This article ‘Religious Satire
in Rushdie's "Satanic Verses" by
Hani Al-Raheb is filled with Secular humanist vision where religious satire and Magic Realism made this Fantasy literature.
Whether it is the issue of fatwa, religious satire or postcolonial subjugation
of people, place and community. The postcolonial elements can be seen in all
works of art in the 19th century: the article
by Stuti Khanna ‘Language and the
postcolonial city: The case of Salman Rushdie’ provided the
category of Bombay English Writing about the postcolonial city. Postcoloniality
can be considered a bit of an old term so the time has passed,but as far as the
recent research works have concerned with the theory , well study it gives
ideas to see various perspectives below….
Postcolonialism in V.S.Naipaul’s ‘An Area Of Darkness’ challenges the nationalist discourse of India's progress
in this article ‘Wound and Loss
In Naipaul’s India: A Wounded Civilization and an Area of Darkness’ by Babu Ram Khanal, The Demonstration of pain, Colonization, Globalization,
multifaceted loss of India and Condition of India in the post independent
period. In a subsequent manner ‘Rohinton Mistry's Such a Long Journey: A
Critical Study’ by Santwana Haldar contains Subcontinent’s
postcolonial politics, humanism forms the background of the story, He explores
the potentialities of humanism as
a process of
searching for identity through
this travelog. Through this postcolonial perspective he tries to grow awareness
of culture overlap and hybridity. Since we practiced law and justice we find
that everything has two totally different sides of thinking , whether to ban or
not any book , we can go through the legal outcomes and respective governments
who made regulations to balance everything.
Here we find how long it has
started to revolt against literary censorship from the days of the British Raj
to the present shows that even as the courts have increasingly stood for free
expression, the mob demands the suppression of material antithetical to its
views. “The Democratisation of Censorship” this kind of book Booksin the Indian Public" by MINI
CHANDRAN in 2010 coming up with a legal perspective of freedom of speech and
expression and then gradually the revolt literature emerged in a way long
today…. e time of democracy. Researchers
direction to study the process of how early banned books are viewed more
favorably today.
4. Write Introductory lines and Concluding lines. These lines
shall be written to Hook Paragraphs:
For too long
decades after rising with the
thought of , ‘ Freedom of speech, freedom of expression, freedom of life and religion was a wayward
pre-independence idea which we developed and by following it so strongly we
started prohibiting things one and the other way
. So firstly During the 1960s,
following the Sino-Indian war, Chinese books and magazines were banned. After protests by Muslims and
a petition by Syed Shahabuddin to the Rajiv Gandhi government, The Satanic
Verses was banned in 1988, with India becoming the first country to ban the
book. Salamn Rashdie
observes that even the religion is somewhat problematic for not only the
followers who follow and spread it
wrongly but to those also who actually has to suffer by following so called
notions which is no longer helpful or fruitful to anybody, So far following religion is a choice of oneself or can
be personal choice but still, salman’s remarks are on those topics which whom
called “ belief” is still considered eyeopener writings for islamic themselfs.
The development in the Art of Storytelling potentially increased by the time and successfully dig
out the real images of us, The novel, “Such A Long Journey”, takes
place in the context of the war between India and
Pakistan that came out in the year of
1971. The presentation of harsh realities on
indianness, religions the unfavorable two sides of pakistan and india
cultural,religion and political upheavals portrays the actual image of the way
things are. Such a long journey emerged as a travel book, and trapped in a
controversial elementary book. The literature written upon sheer aspects such
as social lifestyle of people, Unstable economy, civilization, traditions,
controversial religion take place into novel, the context of war between India
and Pakistan played a vital role in making things controversial. Criticism of
self and the literature which spreaded
antiness usually gets banned and we usually are not habituated to read
such literature which contain the negative face of self and mirror of society. Thus reading such literature where we are criticized by someone who has gone to
the roots and criticized with capacity of truth and reality should be given a
chance to be read fairly among people.
Further it is observed that The way we
were born with identity and then fought
for it too, unknowingly we misjudge the
people who look like us but live as minorities. As the way we consider all as human
but we subjugate some of them by thinking that suppressing someone is a legal
right of us, no that's not like ….The write grown up in a muslim family and
found her identity is getting hidden behind the so called norms of ‘ burkha’
pointed out in ‘ lajja’ and from this
burkha she came to know about revolt and became a strong believer of ‘ freedom
to life and speech’ somewhat any symbol from religion can be a system or
tradition which one suppose follow by their own choice , but the ritual of
religion can not be a identity of someone, perhaps the
core idea of controversial beings and
things contains the word “NO” to accept which was given to them as
identity.
If we are concerned about the literate
class, academicians and children that one should provide such banned and
sensitive contents to read or to study or not that is an emerging question towards us,
several things may affect people in different ways and some things that all
should come to know this is the trajectory that we are looking for. On what
ground people will be allowed to read, write, press and speak on various
topics. These consequences will always keep in trend but so far democracy is concerned, human rights are concerned
there is always legal procedures for everything. At this point we can say by
following legal regulations from censorship people are free to write, read and
free to express.
5. Write concluding Paragraph of “Review of related
Literature:
So far written literature is an integral part of human literal
life. Books ban will remain a perpetual quest of thought from
intellectuals to illiterate people ,perhaps books should not be
banned due to the fact that they mold us
the way a powerful breeze turned the branch of a tree in a certain direction.
Although some books have different and unpopular opinions, it doesn’t mean that
they have less of a right to be read or some zeitgeist kind of books are banned
due to covering the more burning issues of current society . All books should
have an equal opportunity to be cherished. Books help us grow and learn and
should be available to everyone. Without books we wouldn’t be able to learn
some of the valuable lessons that we have learned. Always remember to give
every book a fair chance.
If we take a look at historical flashback of
literature development, book banning has a long history. It has been a common
practice throughout the world and continues to be so at the present time in
India. There may be multiple backlashes and diversity of reasons but the
problem boils down to one thing – book ban.
The purpose of the study is to understand and present
the problems, issues, viewpoints and their impact that ultimately contribute to
book ban. Research addresses: what does book banning actually entail? How book
banning works by taxing specific issues and problems in this complex environment,
why this current surge against and metastasizes? Why do people engage in
redaction, relocation, restriction and removal? Short and long-term effects of
banning books, scope and implications of recent wave of book challenges and
bans, significant crusades and push backs against book bans.An endeavor is
directed toward a goal to get an in-depth idea of what book banning is and how
it affects society. Study is intended to tread a fine line between dichotomy of
acceptance and non-acceptance of a controversial book whilst book banning
mirrors trends on continuum of time.
Literature Review of “ AN INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED
CONTROVERSIAL AND BANNED ENGLISH FICTION”
Literature
widely consists of the world as a whole on a single page of any book or digitally
it can be a single tab .We are surrounded by literature as well as culture,
society and religion. Sometimes to make balance between these institutions our
rational significance of written literature has to suffer from revolt, hatred,
violence and cruelty more than we think of. This paper deals with Banned and
controversial literature which was written on burning topics and then banned by
the government. Luckily some of that work , books was successfully published ,
banned and then removed afterwards, but for some it takes time or may be no
longer available to us. One should think
about what we can read? Can we access and see what was actually banned ? How
long is the ban valid or appropriate on any book?
Researcher’s
urge to seek information about Investigating ‘to ban or not to ban’? How do the
educational, social, political, economic and religious impacts of book bans
help understand the ripple effects on students? Because these prohibitions are
affecting students well enough in their study, the confronting issue of
censorship and to understand the effect of how book ban narrows the world view
for students. In this digital world many ebooks got banned on various academic
sites so. to explore the response of literature restrictions in the current wave
of the Internet age. Considering some past examples can be useful to study this
topic in more relent way,
Here
we will see the list of selected books which are banned or controversial , by
this table we will find the banned work of art and the probable reasons being
its banning.
|
NO. |
Author |
Book
|
Controversy
|
Reason
for ban |
|
1. |
V.S.Naipaul |
“An Area Of Darkness” ( 1964” |
Pessimistic image of poverty,
corruption and culture |
Negative portrayal of Indian and
its people |
|
2. |
Salaman Rashdie |
“Satanic Verses” ( 1988) |
Fatwa, Tempering with religious
characters |
Violence, Blasphemy, Religious
Intolerance and satire |
|
3. |
Rohinton Mistary |
“Such A Long Journey” ( 1991) |
Book withdrawal from the
university syllabus |
Abusive language |
|
4. |
Taslima Nasreen |
“Lajja” ( 1999) |
Fatwa , Demolition of Babri Masjid
|
The hindu-muslim conflicts,
offending muslim sentiments |
|
5. |
Salman Rashdie |
“The Moor's Last Sigh” ( 1995) |
Terrorism, Demolition of Babri
Masjid |
The photo of Jawaharlal Nehru |
This Hindu-Muslim conflict can be seen in Salamn Rushdie's book "Satanic Verses"
1988 in the article ‘Religious Satire in Rushdie's "Satanic Verses"
by Hani Al-Raheb id filled with Secular
humanist vision where religious satire
and Magic Realism made this Fantasy
literature.This article depicts Maximum of religious satire by fantasizing
people situations and historical events discussed. In 2007 Ashley Dawson Demonstrated one of the most important protests in the
season of discontent among British Muslim whose anger at the shortcomings of
British multiculturalism had been brewing for most of the decade. In this
article ‘Heritage Politics of the Soul: Immigration and Identity in Salman
Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses’ The
Lofting banners calling for equal rights for Muslims demonstrators outside of
the house of parliament to burn the book and this Extension of blasphemy law and voice support
for Salman Rashdie’s freedom of expression.
Apart from this there are Postcolonial depictions that can be
referred to as controversial somehow as
we can see in V.S.Naipaul’s ‘An
Area Of Darkness’ 1964 really It
challenges the nationalist discourse of India's progress in this article ‘Wound and Loss In Naipaul’s India: A Wounded
Civilization and an Area of Darkness’ by
Babu Ram Khanal
in 30/06/19. The Demonstration of pain, Colonization, Globalization, Invaders,Mimicry and multifaceted loss of
India and Condition of India in the post independent period, Brutal effect of
British Raj,Illiteracy, ignorance and poverty, Caste system practiced in
different communities.
Rohinton Mistry’s Such A Long Journey -1991 has been regarded as a landmark in the history of
Indian fiction. The first edition of this article ‘Rohinton Mistry's
Such a Long Journey: A Critical Study’ by
Santwana Haldar
offers a critical and
insightful commentary on this complex novel. It also contains Subcontinent’s
postcolonial politics, humanism forms the background of the story, He explores
the potentialities of
humanism as a
process of searching
for identity through this travelog. The element of postcolonial
literature perhaps can be seen in all
works of art in the 19th century: the article
by Stuti Khanna ‘Language and the
postcolonial city: The case of Salman Rushdie’ provided the
category of Bombay English Writing about the postcolonial city. Bombay inflicts the language of Rushdie’s
novels containing the complex,
multilayered and heterogeneous socio-economic fabric depiction of Third World
postcolonial city.
The theory of deconstruction widely used used in literature to
multiply work in to various aspects here ‘Deconstructing LajjA as a Marker of Indian Womanhood’ by Mala sinha and Vishal Chauhan’s Findings showed that natured or
denatured lajja is represented as a
virtue, emotion or tool of manipulation, depending on how it plays out in a
particular situation. It depicts such a
disruptive sense of Womanhood in modern India. The Issue of Fatwa was criticized Though
portrayal of female characters as religious and patriarchy have subjugated in
Bangladesh. Still today this
work is seen as highly Patriarchal and
indirectly attacking religion on the grounds of injustice with women.
Here the conclusion says some generalized view point on any of book
which is banned or prohibited , there is
certain generalized characteristics behind it which can be seen as certain objectionable
graphical depictions, religious fundamentalism, postcolonial topics, perceived notion of obscenity in
women’s characters, social discrimination, profanity in literature, slyly
mocking and purported spoofs, libelous and derogatory writings cause frequent book bans. The book banning
has significant impacts on our five major social institutions. Rapid growth of
information technology has brought about the radical change in the notion of
book banning.An attempt is made to reinforce and review the study of books
versus book bans by building a conceptual framework that reflects the ideology
of how books influence our lives and what ground Literary standards of morality
are challenged over the times.
Khanal, B. R.
“Wound and Loss In Naipaul’s India: A Wounded Civilization and an Area of
Darkness”. Tribhuvan University Journal,
vol. 33, no. 1, June 2019, pp. 95-114, doi:10.3126/tuj.v33i1.28686.
Dawson,
Ashley. “Heritage Politics of the Soul: Immigration and Identity in Salman
Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses.” Mongrel Nation: Diasporic Culture and the Making
of Postcolonial Britain, University of Michigan Press, 2007, pp. 121–48. JSTOR,
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3znzng.9
Al-Raheb,
Hani. “Religious Satire in Rushdie’s ‘Satanic Verses.’” Journal of the
Fantastic in the Arts, vol. 6, no. 4 (24), 1995, pp. 330–40. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43310219
Haldar, Santwana. Rohinton
Mistry's Such a Long Journey: A Critical Study. Asia Book Club, 2006.
Sinha, M., & Chauhan, V. (2013).
Deconstructing LajjA as a Marker of Indian Womanhood. Psychology and Developing Societies, 25(1), 133–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333613477314
Khanna, S. (2011). Language and the
postcolonial city: The case of Salman Rushdie. The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 46(3), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021989411409815
WAHEED,
SARAH FATIMA. Hidden Histories of
Pakistan: Censorship, Literature, and Secular Nationalism in Late... Colonial
India. CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2022.
CHANDRAN,
MINI. “The Democratisation of Censorship: Books and the Indian Public.” Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 45,
no. 40, 2010, pp. 27–31. JSTOR,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25742141. Accessed 7 May 2023.