Digital humanities

Digital humanities means computer assisted literary study since the invention of computers, it knows only one language that is English. Thus English department and digital world are directly connected and digital technique can applied to other humanities field as well. Computers have been part of our disciplinary lives for well over two decades now. During this time digital humanities has accumulated a robust professional apparatus  that is probably more rooted in English than any other departmental home.

(The) Digital Humanities or DH, amid much debate and ever eluding any definition, comprise research involving the coming together of computing and IT with traditional Humanities. So one aspect of DH would be the creation of digital texts and editions or cultural archives.The other aspect is the exploration of digital culture: for example, how Facebook affects our culture and whether videogames are art. 

Simply put, DH is the study of how the Humanities has been influenced by digital media.

As eminent DH scholar, Matthew Kirschenbaum, puts it: "[W]e support work from “Shakespeare to Second Life,” as we’re fond of saying." 

Digital Humanities is new and indeed very new to India. Presidency University's Gen-ed course aims to spread the word (and the hyperlink) among students from all disciplines.

digital media and how it influences the arts and culture (in general); how digital media relates to non-digital media (e.g. printed books)

  digital texts - how they are created, searched, archived

 storytelling in digital media (e.g. videogames)

  digital media and culture (the cultural footprint of facebook and social  networking)

 using digital tools for Humanities research (how to use online tools for  quicker and smarter research techniques)

Culture and anarchy

Culture	Study of perfection Harmonious expansion of human capacities	In the introduction to his essay, Arnold clearly mentioned that the Culture is the study of perfection, a harmonious perfection, idealistic to relate with contemporary happenings, the best which has been thought and said in the world.
Sweetness and Light	Honeybee and spider	The central and the happy idea, Seeing the things as they are of the essential character of human perfection
Doing as One Likes	Liberty thoughtless	anarchy represents the absence of a guiding principle in one’s life which prevents one from striving to attain perfection.
Barbarians, Philistines, Populace	The Aristocrats with Individualism, The Middle Class, The working-class people.Critique Key point How to understand it? Culture Study of perfection Harmonious expansion of human capacities In the introduction to his essay, Arnold clearly mentioned that the Culture is the study of perfection, a harmonious perfection, idealistic to relate with contemporary happenings, the best which has been thought and said in the world. Sweetness and Light Honeybee and spider   The central and the happy idea, Seeing the things as they are of the essential character of human perfection  Doing as One Likes Liberty thoughtless, anarchy represents the absence of a guiding principle in one’s life which prevents one from striving to attain perfection. Barbarians, Philistines, Populace The Aristocrats with Individualism, The Middle Class, The working-class people. According to Arnold, the Philistines are middle-class people. Generally, they are shopkeepers, worldly-wise men, captains of industry busy in trade and commerce.they have personal liberty, money, mainly involved in archaic traditions and gluttony, irresponsible towards other classes. The working class who help Hebraism, Hellenism Hebrew language, the Greek tradition, Spontaneity, Their application to a contemporary society which leads to an ideal society. there must be a perfect balance of Hebraism and Hellenism in culture. In England, we find both moral and Intellectual awareness sharpened by Reformation and Renaissance. that is reason leads towards chaos and anarchy. Poro Unum est. Necessarium Strictness of rule Arnold warns us of the besetting blindness of fanaticism either in culture or religion. Now culture diffuses Sweetness and light and religion, fire and strength. Our liberal Practitioners	According to Arnold, the Philistines are middle-class people. Generally, they are shopkeepers, worldly-wise men, captains of industry busy in trade and commerce.they have personal liberty, money, mainly involved in archaic traditions and gluttony, irresponsible towards other classes. The working class who help
Hebraism, Hellenism	Hebrew language, the Greek tradition, Spontaneity,	Their application to a contemporary society which leads to an ideal society. there must be a perfect balance of Hebraism and Hellenism in culture. In England, we find both moral and Intellectual awareness sharpened by Reformation and Renaissance. that is reason leads towards chaos and anarchy.
Poro Unum est. Necessarium	Strictness of rule	Arnold warns us of the besetting blindness of fanaticism either in culture or religion. Now culture diffuses Sweetness and light and religion, fire and strength.
Our liberal Practitioners

Slow movement

“Slow down, you’re movin’ too fast

You got to make the morning last

Just kicking down the cobblestones

Looking for fun and feelin’ groovy”

– Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel,  “The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin’ Groovy)”

The Slow Movement advocates a cultural shift toward slowing down life’s pace. It began with Carlo Petrini’s protest against the opening of a McDonald’s restaurant in Piazza di Spagna, Rome in 1986 which sparked the creation of  what went on to be known as the Slow Food movement (Slow Food UK HERE). Over time, this developed into an array of tenuously linked subcultures in miriad other areas such as Cittaslow (Slow Cities), Slow Living, Slow Travel, Slow Design, Slow Art, Slow Gardening, Slow Money, Slow Parenting, Slow Schooling, Slow Technology, Slow Blogging etc. etc…. Surely there must be a place here for a new sub-culture – namely inland SLOW boating (as opposed to ocean-going slow boating about which there’s already quite a lot written on the internet)? Apologies in advance to Ikon Arts who used the name Slow Boat HERE for their innovative three year project involving the Ikon Youth Project working with contemporary artists and a converted narrowboat.)

"It is a cultural revolution against the notion that faster is always better. The Slow philosophy is not about doing everything at a snail's pace. It's about seeking to do everything at the right speed. Savoring the hours and minutes rather than just counting them. Doing everything as well as possible, instead of as fast as possible. It’s about quality over quantity in everything from work to food to parenting." — Reda

We are all living in the 8th century and the 8th is the information of the 21st century, the technology of the 21st century, as well as learning to live a fast life.  Slow Moment can find out that doing more fast is sometimes leaving behind a lot of importance in life.  Ants show that we can easily forget to do something that can be done peacefully somewhere fast.

Slow food, slow business, slow cities, slow travel, and slow sex, it seems like everyone is trying to go slow. ‘Go slow to go fast’ is the new mantra – whatever that actually means. (Don’t think about it too much, it will make your head hurt, like a buddhist koan.)

My boyfriend thinks the slow movement is hilarious. He thinks the proponents of ‘slow’ all sound like we are lauding our mental deficits as something to aspire to.

All jokes aside, the slow movement does sound somewhat of an anathema to the usual ideal of striving harder, faster, better. But I don’t think it has to be.

There is more to life than increasing its speed. Mohandas K. Gandhi

According to Wikipedia, The Slow Movement advocates ways to slow down the pace of life. It all started with the Slow Food movement, initiated by Carlo Petrini’s protest against the opening of a McDonald’s in Rome’s Piazza di Spagna, in 1986, and has spread to concepts as broad as medicine, schooling, science, and travel.

When it comes to quality, we find that there is a huge difference between quietly doing work rather than hurrying and the result is that fast work may be unclear, but work done with a slow-paced mind always brings a good result.  Slow Moment is not really based on the nature of the slug but it is really useful for people who are overly egoistic and impulsive and for those who take short cuts to get to life quicker, because even at slower speed, continuous work gives very specific results

#So what is the meaning of slow?

Slow: unhurried, leisurely, measured, moderate, deliberate, steady, sedate, slow-moving, slow-going, easy, relaxed, unrushed, gentle, undemanding, comfortable. Merriam Webster Dictionary

Slowness, but not stopped-ness. Moving with purpose, at times stopping, at times moving faster, if called for, but not racing through just to get to the other side. Like the proverbial chicken crossing the road.

Recently, I feel that I’m being forced to slow down. All aspects of my life – business, work, family, love – seem to be encountering obstacles that are a counter-force to my usual bull-at-a-gate approach to life.

And why would we want to slow down?

Slow is about doing the things we do for the sake of savouring the experience, not just as a expedient means to an end. It’s easy to get so super-efficient that we forget we are supposed to be living life, not doing it.

There’s more to experience than ticking the boxes on our to-do list every day. Behaving with passion, purpose, and presence, is both invigorating to us, and to the activities and relationships we engage in.

Affirmations for slowing down (adapted from personaldevelopmentwisdom.com):

I slow down and I practice being patient.

I trust life. I slow down. I relax. I let go.

I live life at a comfortable pace.

I schedule time to rest, reflect, and recover from the events of the day.

I live my life in a stride that supports me – both mentally and physically.

I am worth the effort it takes to establish and maintain a comfortable pace to my life

Thank you 😊

Activity on the cultural studies.

Culture is always studying the values ​​of other cultures.  Indian culture is a wonderful culture that has been used and studied by many cultures.  As well as how the popular culture prevails in modern times.  This particular task is given by our Prof. dr. Dilip Barad Sir to increase our observation and explain the reason towards culture, So let's look in detail.

Cultural materialism began in earnest in the 1950s with the work of F. R. Leavis, heavily influenced by Matthew Arnold’sanalyses of bourgeois culture.

 “There are no masses; there are only ways of seeing (other) people as masses.” – Raymond Williams 

 Williams talks about attribute of (1) working class (2) Elite class

                 It as a four types of academic literary criticism using in culture perspective as a like:

(1) Aestheticism

(2) Antihistoricism

(3) Formalism

(4) Apoliticis

 Feminism was also very important for British cultural Materialism .

Cultural materialists also turned to three parts : Insights: Humanistic : Spiritual

Pop culture

It is also known as POP culture. Of Culture studies also includes mass or popular cultural and everyday life. Which is very trendy or the substitute of our day to day life.

The department popular culture at Bowling Green Uni. Launched the journal of popular culture.

 Popular culture is the culture of masses.

There are four type of popular culture :

Production Analysis: It ask quotations like:

a)     Who own the media?

b)    Who create text and why?

c)     How democratic of elitist is production of popular culture ?

d)    What about works written only for money?

  Example like: Television programme

(2) Textual analysis: It examines how specific works of popular culture created meanings.

(3) Audience analysis: it asks different group of popular culture consumers or users, make similar of different sense of some texts.

(4) Historical analysis:  It investigates how these other three dimensions over times.

Postmodernism & postcolonial studies

Postmodernism: Postmodernism questions everything rationalist European philosophy held to be true.Beginning in the mid-1980s, postmodernism emerged in art, architecture, music, film, literature, sociology, communications, fashion and other field. Postmodernism borrows from modernism disillusionment with the givens of society; a penchant for irony; the self-conscious “play” within the work of art; fragmentation and ambiguity; and a restructured, decentered, dehumanized subject.

                                  Started by Ahab Hassan and Lesile Fielder . Earlier this term was known as the culture aesthetics approach.

Post modernism is an anti – art After world war II  And they both have stared and coined this term. ‘Postmodernism’ is a term usually applied to the period in literature, which was first used in the 1960s. it is a reaction against realism & modernism.It reject the claim of any universal or totalizing theory , and reject ‘high’ & ‘low’  class- mass. In literature it collapses the distinction between genres and conventions.The thriller formats became of the serious novel. Comic element and absurdity mark the author’s attitude to tragic, events like death ,suffering. Postmodernism argues that it is all contingent and that most cultural constructions have served the function of empowering members of a dominant social group at the expense of “others.”

Practitioners- modernism:

a)     Walter Benjamin

b)    Susan Sintag

c)     Loui’s Borges

d)    Virginia wolf

e)     Martin Heidegger

f)      BertoltBrtech

g)     Ezrapound

h)    Jams joyee

v   Postmodernism Aspect by Jean Baudrillard some point out that:

Any sign is empty

Virtual world

Status and taboos

ü Hyperrealism between the private or public.

It also affected in

-         Building                    -    Cinema

-         Literature                   -   music

-         Painting                     -   Architecture

-         Photography

 Postcolonial Studies :

Post colonialism refers to a historical phase undergone by the Third World countries after the decline of colonialism.

“others” constructs them based upon Western anxieties and preoccupations. Said sharply critiques the Western images of the Oriental as “irrational, depraved (fallen), child-like, ‘different,’” which has allowed the West to define itself as “rational, virtuous, mature, ‘normal.’”

Post modern intellectual discourse.

The association between nations and area they occupied and once ruled.

Many Third World writers focus on both colonialism and the changes created in a postcolonial culture.Frantz Fanon drew upon his own horrific experiences in French Algeria to deconstruct emerging national regimes.

 Homi K. Bhabha’s  postcolonial theory involves analysis of nationality, ethnicity, and politics with poststructuralist ideas of identity and indeterminacy, defining postcolonial identities as shifting, hybrid construction.

Among postcolonial feminism is Gayatri  Chakravorty Spivak, who examines the effects of political independence upon “subaltern” or subproletarian women in the Third World.

 Reveal how female subjects are silnced by the dialogue between the male-dominated West and East, offering little hope for the subaltern woman’s voice to rise up amidst the global social institutions that oppress her.

Thank you 😊

Study of Hamlet and too his coymistress

While studying culture, this study implies any novel, drama film, or implied characters in the accompanying work that may have been wronged or criticized.Cultural studies equitably study such characters and situations.  Cultural study of all valuvalues and it comes to a different conclusion.

Study of “To his coy mistress.                                                                                                                       This poem To his coy mistress is written by Andrew Marvell.Who also son of a clergy man .His most of the poem focasis more on “love and God”.This poem to his coy mistress is also about love and shyness of the beloved.

           Andrew Marvell ‘s in this poem tells the reader a good deal about the speaker of the poem,much of which is already clear comments in this volume,using traditional approches.we know that the speaker is knowledgeable about poem and convention of love poetry,such as the courtly love conventions of medieval Europe,and about Biblical passages.

          In this poem poet start with the coyness of beloved saying that if both the lover had enough time then beloved coyness was no crime but hence the beloved is so shy that her shyness is like a crime because they have very less left and if they had enough time they could think over how to pass their long loves day.Also in this paragraph use of traditional and culture type of writing like a man was center an historical reality ignore in them.Our culture very silence in reality,and Marvell showing the richness of the class in this poem.

              The speaker knows all of these things well enough to parody or at least to echo them,for in making his proposition to the coy lady,he hardly expects to be taken seriously in his detailing.He knows that he is echoing the conventions only in order to sati rise them and to make light of the real proposal at hand.He knows that she knows,for she comes from the same cultural milieu that he does.

             In other words,the speaker like Marvell is a highly educated person ,one who is well read,one whose natural flow of associated images moves lightly over details and allusion that reflect who he is and he expect his hearer or reader to respond in a kind of harmonic vibration.He thinks in terms of precious stones,of exotic and distant places,of a milieu where eating,drinking ,and making merry seem to be an achievable way of life.

               Beyond what we know of the speaker from his own words, we are justified in speculating that his coy lady is like the implied reader,equally well educated,and therefor knowledgeable of the conventions he uses in parody.He seems to assume that she understands the parodic nature of his comments, for by taking her in on the  jests he appeals to her intellect  thus trying to throw her off guard against his very physical requests. After all if the two of them can be on the same plane in their thoughts and allusions,their smiles and jests than perhaps they can shortly be together on a different and literal plane literally bedded.Thus might appear to be the culture and the era of the speaker,his lady and his implied reader.

                

“To his coy mistress”: A new historicism reading

          New historisicism is a literary theory based on the idea that literature should be studied and interpted within the context of both history of the auther and the history of the critic.

            The execution of charles I in 1649 was an unprecedented event in English history ,and, like the rest of the English nation , Marvell would have been actutely conscious of its political and spiritual implications. According to the contemporary doctrine of “divine right”, the monarch was appointed not by the people,but by the divine ordiance of his birthright,thus any trespass against the king was a sin against God.

            

The beauty shall no more  be found

Nor,in thy marble vault,shall sound

My echoing song then worms shall try

That long preserved virginity,

And your quaint honor turn to dust,

And into ashes all my lust.

                  The speaker creates an image of chaos and disorder .Worms will violate his beloved and his “lust” will become “ashes”. Yet Marvell's intention is not simply to vilify the speaker’s aggressive disregard for social mores,his defiant ranting,the poem suggests ,is also that of a sympathetically powerless  subject. The speaker’s “vegetable love” .while lush and abundant can not aspire to become “vaster than empires”, his own future evades his control,as its only certainty is death.

             Despite his apparent sexual bravado with his “mistress” , the speaker demonstrates an acute consciousness of his own dismpowement throughout the poem.

              The poem concludes with an ominous and thickly symbolic challenges to the “sun” itself a common pun for the “son” of the monarch in contemporary literature .Perhaps here Marvell is speaking directly of the “son” Charles 2 ,who became his father’s successor with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.as the speaker and his beloved provoke this celestial object,emblematic of the monarch’s ostensible divinity,”carpediem” becomes as much a cry of lustas one of insurrection.

             With this poem,Marvell portrays his subject as a dangerous “subject”, and in doing so evokes the discord of the political moment.Yet he also casts compassionately his speaker’s rallying challenges to all forms of authority one that perhaps anticipates Marvell’s own lyrics that critiqued the Restoration government.As a poet employed by Cromwell,Marvell was aware of his own position more broadly as a dependent “subject”. In a broader sense ,the poem in its systematic rejection of authority creates a possible outlet for Marvell’s own fantasy of autonomy .If Marvell was able to be a perennially loyal subject,”To his coy mistress” celebrates a more subversive figure who , despite being governed by the sun,has no qualms about exerting himself against this all powerful sovereign.

Hamlet's cultural Lance

Let us now approach Shakespeare’s Hamlet with a view to seeing power in its cultural context.

      Shortly after the play within the play, Claudius is talking privately with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet’s fellow students from students from Wittenberg. In response to Claudius’s plan to send Hamlet that – if read out of context is both an excellent set of metaphors and a summation of the Elizabethan concept of the role and power of kingship.

        The meanings of their names hardly match what seems to be the essence of their characters. Murray j. Levith, for example, has written that “Guildenstern and Rosencrantz are from the Datch-German: literally “garland of roses” and “golden star”. Although of religious origin, both names together sound singsong and odd to English ears. Their jangling gives them a lightness, and blurs the individuality of the characters they label”.

        Lightness to be sure. Harley Granville- Barker once wrote in an offhand way of the reaction these two roles call up for actors commenting on solanio and salarino from The Merchant of Venice, he noted that their roles are “Cursed by actors as the two worse bores in the whole Shakespearean canon; not excepting, even those other twin brethren in nonentity, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.

            Harold Jenkins reports as historical person bearing these names: “These splendidly resounding names, by contrast with the unlocalized classical ones, are evidently chosen as particularly Danish both were common among the most influential Danish familiar, and they are often found together”. He cites various appearances of the names among Danish nobles, and even notes the appearances of the names as Wittenberg students around 1590.

           

                     Clearly Hamlet makes reference in the lines just noted to the “mighty opposites” represented by himself and Claudius clearly too the ones of “baser nature” who “made love to this employment” do not matter much in this struggle between powerful antagonists. They are powns for Claudius first, for Hamlet second. It is almost as if Hamlet had tried before the sea voyage to warn them of their insignificant state, he calls Rosencrantz a sponge, provoking.

                      So they are pawns, or sponge, or monkey food: the massage of power keeps coming through. Thus, they do not merit a pang of conscience. True there may be some room for believing that at first they intended only good for their erstwhile school fellow. But their fate, however, is to displease mightily the prince, who will undermine them and “hoist with own petard.”

           Claudius was aware of power, clearly, when he observed of Hamlet’s apparent madness that “Madness in great ones must not unwatched go’ with equal truth Rosencrantz and Guildenstern might have observed that power in great ones also must not unwatched go.

             Whether they “are” at all may be the ultimate question of this modern play. In Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Are dead, Stoppard has given the contemporary audience a play that examines existential question in the context of a whole world that may have no meaning at all. Although is it not our intention to examine that play in great detail, suffice it to note that the essence of marginalization is here in this view, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are archetypal human beings, caught up on a ship- spaceship. Earth for the twentieth or the twenty first century that leads now here, except to death, a death for persons who are a heady dead. If these two characters were marginalized in Hamlet, they are even more so in stop-part’s handing.

                 Whether in Shakespeare’s version or stopper’s, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are no more than what Rosencrantz called a “small annexment”, a “petty consequences”, mere nothings for the “ massy wheel” of kings..



Thank you 😊

New current writer, artists and their marketing

New current writer artist and their marketing

All want to be successful, but living in the time of the bush and presenting a picture of an interesting and present society is becoming popular among the people in which the language example plays an important part in the immediate situation.  Any poet-writer-writer who evaluates this kind of social situation, and if one writes today's literature according to today's generation, becomes very popular.  When it comes to marketing, social media is a very big and huge platform for business communication today.  There is no other platform for marketing than social media, so illustrated reporting and activism on social media by contemporary writers is indispensable in its business and marketing.

It was conventionally believed that a well written book will find its readers and succeed. However, nothing can be further from the truth. Marketing a book and generating awareness about it amongst its target audience is crucial and without it even an excellent book is doomed to obscurity. Marketing is therefore not a dirty word but a crucial ingredient for success of the book and successful authors have understood this truth.

The paths chosen for this are varied, as evident from the case studies which follow:

To market a book engage with potential target audience

For bringing out the first ever crowd-sourced love story, Doublemint Mints collaborated with author Durjoy Datta for an innovative campaign #StartSomethingNew. The author tweeted one line every day and people were invited to share their pictures which brought the featured lines alive. Winning entries were featured in the book curated by the author.

To market a book create a buzz using social media

Amish’s Shiva Trilogy is one of the fastest selling book series in the history of Indian publishing. 2.2 million copies were printed and over Rs 60 crore in sales was realised. He best exemplifies the fact that a well-written book which is well marketed can become a winner. For the next Ramchandra series about Lord Ram starting with the Scion of Ikshvaku, the author was twitterviewed (Twitter interview) by Karan Johar. This was followed by the book launch and the release of the trailer of the book on
YouTube.

After the success of Shiva Trilogy, Amish Tripathi launched the Ramchandra series with a well thought marketing plan. Karan Johar twitterviewed (Twitter interview) the author, which was followed by a grand book launch. The highlight of the launch was the thrilling book trailer released on Youtube that showcased a preview of the plot.

To market a book host live launch events

Harry Potter’s midnight launch parties thrilled millions of fans across the globe. The countdown to the midnight party is as exciting as the novel. This tradition has been followed for all launches of the Harry Potter books, involving trivia, games, giveaways and many other activities.

To market a book leverage social media for sneak previews

Before Westland, Savi Sharma who started out self-publishing her book would use Facebook to promote her book. She would also post lines from her book which touched an emotional cord with her friends. Now her book features regularly in top 10 fiction.

To market a book bringing the protagonist alive on social media

Author Laxmi Hariharan brought her protagonist Ruby Iyer alive before launching her fiction, The Many Lives of Ruby Iyer. She launched diaries that chronicled the protagonist’s early life for free on Amazon. Hariharan also created a Twitter handle called @RubyIyer, which the author used to express opinions on issues related to women and kids in sync with Ruby Iyer’s personality.

Also the very young writer for current era Chetan Bhagat wrote very submissive work from current peripheries all around the world is popular because he is a writer of 21st century includes the most efficient topics and substances in his work. For example Half Girlfriend, one night in call center etc.

So many film stars and actress are used to you committed kind of public stunt or for marketing. Is it right to pretend as like they are family affiliated with those kind of work which can be considered as a humanitarian. In recent time Deepika Padukone took visit at JNU 4for intolerance was happened with student so many Twitter handles and critics criticized her that it was a public stunt 2 to promote her movie "chhapaak"

So I try to be judged this kind of fake things which are basically for marketing or for money making.


In the concluding part of this blog I would like to say it with the use of so many examples of artist actors and writers we come to know that who were are with trands, automatic get chance to become famous and for be good writer so the social media helps them to make strong their marketing and impact on audience.

Elinor: towards feminist politics

Feminist criticism can be divided into two distinct varieties. The first type is concerned with woman as reader — with woman as the consumer of male-produced literature, and with the way in which the hypothesis of a female reader changes our apprehension of a given text, awakening us to the significance of its sexual codes. I shall call this kind of analysis the feminist critique, and like other kinds of critique it is a historically grounded inquiry which probes the ideological assumptions of literary phenomena. Its subjects include the images and stereotypes of women in literature, the omissions and misconceptions about women in criticism, and the fissures in male-constructed literary history. It is also concerned with the exploitation and manipulation of the female audience, especially in popular culture and film; and with the analysis of woman-as-sign in semiotic systems. The second type of feminist criticism is concerned with woman as writer — with woman as the producer of textual meaning, with the history, themes, genres and structures of literature by women. Its subjects include the psychodynamics of female creativity; linguistics and the problem of a female language; the trajectory of the individual or collective female literary career; literary history; and, of course, studies of particular writers and works. No term exists in English for such a specialised discourse, and so I have adapted the French term la gynocritique: ‘gynocritics’ (although the significance of the male pseudonym in the history of women’s writing also suggested the term ‘georgics’).

Cultural studies

What is culture?

Culture’, derives from ‘Cultura’ and ‘colere’ meaning ‘to cultivate’. It also meant ‘to honor’ and ‘project’ by the 19th century in Europe it tastes of the upper class (elite).

          ‘Culture’ is the mode of producing meaning and ideas. This ‘mode’ is a negotiation over which meanings are valid. Elite culture controls meanings because it controls the terms of the debate.

What is cultural studies? 

Cultural studies is the science of understanding modern society, with an emphasis on politics and power cultural studies is an umbrella term used to look at a number of different subject. Categories studied include media studies including film and Journalism, sociology, industrial culture, globalization and social theory.

“Cultural Studies is not a tightly coherent unified movement with a fixed agenda, but a loosely coherent group of tendencies, issues, and questions.”

Cultural studies is composed of elements of Marxism, Post structuralism and Postmodernism, Feminism, Gender studies, anthropology, sociology, race and ethnic studies, film theory, urban studies, public policy, popular culture studies and Postcolonial studies: those field that concentrate on social and cultural forces that either create community or cause division and alienation.

What is the main for goals of cultural studies?

 

CULTURAL STUDIES APPROCHES GENERALLY SHARE FOUR GOALS

FIRST: cultural studies trancends the confines of a PARTICULAR DISCIPLINE such as literary criticism or history.

SECOND: cultura; studies is politically engaged.

THIRD: cultural studies denies the separation of “HIGH”AND “LOW” OR elite and popular culture.

FORTH: cultural studies analzes not only the cultural work , but also the means of production.

FIRST DISCUSS A FIRST GOALS.

FIRST :- GOAL

“ Cultural studies trancends the confine of a particular discipline such as literary criticism or history. “practiced in such journal as critical inquiry , representations, and boundary , cultural studies involves scrutinizing the cultural phenomenon of a text – for example italian opera, a latino telenovela, the architectural styles of prisons, body piercling and drawing conclusion about the change in textual phenomena over time.

# Cultural studies is not necessarily about literature in the traditional sense or even about “art”. In their introduction to cultural studies , editors lawrence grossberg,cary nelson , and paula treichler emphasize that the inhllectual promise of cultural studiess lies in the attempts to “ cut across diverse social and political interests and address many of the struggles within the current scene.”

- Intellectual works are not limited by their own “borders” as single texts, historical problems or disciplines , and the critic’s own personal connections to what is being analyzed amy also be described.

     

- Henty giroux and others write in their dalhousie review  manifesto that cultural studies practitioners are “resisting intellectuals” who see what they do as “an emancipatory project.” Because it erodes the traditional disciplinary divisions in most institutions of higher education.

- SECOND GOAL:-

     

      “ Cultural studies is political engaged” cultural critice see themselves as “ oppositional” not only within their own disciplines but to many of the power structures of society at large. They question inequalities within power stuctures and seek to disover modles for restructuring relationship amany dominant and “minority” or “subaltern” discourses. Because meaning and individual subjectivity are culturally construsted , they can thus be reconstructed. Such a notion , taken to a philosophical extreme , denies the qutonomy of the individual, whether an actual person or a character in literature , a rebuttal of the traditional humanistic “great man” or “great book” theory, and a relocational of aesthetics and cultural from the idal realms of taste and sensibility, into the arena of a whole socity’s everyday life as it is constructed.

- THIRD GOAL:-

      “Cultural studies denies the separtion of high and low or elite  and may free from the power culture ,and popular culture     might hear someone remark at the symphony or art museum: “i came here to get a little culture”.

      Being a “cultured” person used to mean being acquainted with “highbrow” art and intellectual pursuits. But isn’s culture also to be found with a pair of tickets to a rock concert

      #    “The practice of every life”

      stydying litrature as an anthropologist would, as a 

      phenomenon of culture , including  a culture’s economy ,

      rether then determining which are the “best” works

      produced , culture wlitics describe what is produced and

      how carious productions relate to one another. They alm to 

      reveal the political, economic reasons why a certain

      cultural product is move valued at certain times then  

      others.   

           

            [ THE BIRTH OF CAPTAIN]

            Transgressing of boundaries among disciplines high and low can make cultural studies just plain fun. Think , for example , of a possible cultural studies research paper with following title: the birth of captian jack sparrow: an analysis . Robert louis stevenson’s long john silver in treasure island (1881) errol flynn’s and robert morgan’s memorable screen pirates , john cleese’s rendition of long  john silver on juarty python’s flying circus, and of course , keith richards’s eye make up.

- FORTH GOAL :-

 #         “Cultural studies analyzes not only the cultural work , but also the means of production.

#          Cultural studies thus joins subjectivity – that is , cultural in relation to individual lives- with engagement , a direct approch to attacking social ills. Thoughcultural studies prectitioners deny “humanism “ or “the humanities” as universal categories, they strive for what they might call “social reason”, which often (closly) resembles the goals and values of humanistic and democratic ideals.

How the power is always a centre in cultural studies?

culture is real name of power those with economic power are able to make cultural products values without economic power are obliged to consumer.


The very idea of power is sustain the exact meaning of hierarchy . As culture reflect itself as a applied legacy of history and How power operates different direction and leading elite group. Promoting, the wide area of expertise own potential, very grabbing hurdle is a person boost and set power, then peoples are only puppets , particular talked about the sense of power in patriarchal society the condition of women is truly poor as same like the poor people who missed to be the chance to be elite.

They have to suffering, struggling and do be with commands of political leaders.

cultural studies as a discipline become when scholars noticed that culture breakdown into cultures or sub cultures and that there was often a clash off meaning practice and quite often class location between them. The scholars of cultural studies begin to realise that culture could be a symbolic battleground between those with power resources and authority tu dictate what counted as normal in society and use without any of these things the names and the normal can be the expression of one social groups interest and preferences.

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In this way studies helps to recognise tradition, economics particles and various kinds of area in society study critically it's the date logical and throws a direction the word article analysing the things, state of snatching personal vices the cultural studies study truthful areas of culture.


Thank you 😊

EcoCriticism and ecofeminism

Hello readers, this is my new reflective writing in part of cultural studies, in this particular blog I'm going to share my thoughts about ecofeminism and Eco criticism. From the very past some very things and stuck in our thoughts , mind and we are Happy New year to live within in our day to day life. But somewhere it uses very harmful e it's a degradation of of particular identity, as being women the very basic temperaments towards nature, which is made a very  obscure with using kind of derogatory ,or using this temperaments to idealized political propaganda. Parent this blog I want to share very interesting women centric political advertisement as well as try to differentiate the term ecofeminism and Eco criticism.

Eco-feminism

&

Eco-criticism

A woman's relationship with nature is believed to be very close due to her physical constitution.  A woman can deal well with nature, her interest and her life pass almost by nature.

This is a very shallow opinion. People tend to accept such opinions very quickly which is so narrow that women are more connected to nature.  Opinions are used by politicians to create a new political imaginary by connecting children and women with nature.

Let's understand why this type of usage is used today, which is only because of certain mental origins that existed and were built in the past, and today it is widely used to succeed in its political intentions, a mentality that acts as a housewife.  Using a woman to subdue her in politics is considered secondary to her identity  Culture plates are used to this kind of come out of the conservative mentality.


"We still live in a world in which a significant fraction of people, including women, believe that a woman belongs and wants to belong exclusively in the home "

– Rosalyn Sussman

Art Never be domine by gender,Art has no entitlement Art never exists under the control of one's own independent table to exist.  The relation between God and nature is integral but it does not clarify the relationship between nature and the female race.  Bracelets are female or male art is art and art is part of nature, not Gender.

Eco-criticism:

It is only one of the many factors responsible for the existence and development of humans. Life including the human life is heavily affected by the role of nature and environment plays and thus nature is the most important consideration of this theory.

This approach combines the ecology and feminism and explains the feminist nature to help understand the ecology. Feminists have given the concept of gender theory to analyze the relationship between the human and nature. So, it can be considered a branch of ecocriticism and is the field of studying the interconnection between the oppression of women and nature.

The land is often considered as a feminine in nature because of its fertility that nurtures the life and is owned by the man as a property. So, the feminists draw the lines of comparison to understand the similarity of dominant nature of man over women and the domination of land in the context of gender relationships.



Eco-Feminism


Ecofeminism is a branch of feminism that sees environmentalism, and the relationship between women and the earth, as foundational to its analysis and practice. Ecofeminist thinkers draw on the concept of gender to analyse the relationships between humans and the natural world. Wikipedia

When it comes to environmental damage and the health of our natural resources, gender definitely plays a role: in who's affected, who can do what, and how we can move forward. The United Nations Environment Program puts it pretty succinctly, saying:

 "Around the world, environmental conditions impact the lives of women and men in different ways as a result of existing inequalities. Gender roles often create differences in the ways men and women act in relation to the environment, and in the ways men and women are enabled or prevented from acting as agents of environmental change."

o quote Professor Mary Mellor, a UK academic,

 "ecofeminism is a movement that sees a connection between the exploitation and degradation of the natural world and the subordination and oppression of women... Ecofeminism brings together elements of the feminist and green movements, while at the same time offering a challenge to both"


Here let's define some very notions of society and culture including politics, how they created and use this illustrative image of women to make significant their political propaganda.

So not only ecologically but the influence of women as get second space in any social, cultural construction they have to face lot many things and specially this such political etc. Using this modernity towards their political propagandas.